Recycling How It Improves Our Environment free essay sample

A paper which investigates how reusing certain materials helps in improving our condition. Reusing is unquestionably in excess of a nearby waste administration technique; it is likewise a significant methodology for lessening the natural effects of modern creation. The paper considers the historical backdrop of waste administration and reusing and shows how it has improved throughout the years. The paper examines how the U.S. government handles reusing on a national premise and the manner in which these measures influence the common habitat. Today in the United States, in excess of 150 million tons of strong squanders are created each year. This adds up to multiple pounds (1.4 kilograms) per individual every day. In metropolitan zones, the day by day creation of strong waste is generally higher. Inhabitants of New York City, for instance, dispose of 26,000 tons of strong waste dailyalmost 7 pounds (3.2 kilograms) for every occupant (Compton, 2000). Because of this high measure of waste, reusing has become a significant piece of ecological approach, to a great extent because of the expanded expenses of strong and dangerous waste removal, the shortage of regular assets, and the developing worry over contaminated land, water, and air. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reusing: How It Improves Our Environment or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Woman as President of the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lady as President of the US - Essay Example Despite the fact that we are a vote based system, we are not an informed majority rules system. Americans are discovering that we have to utilize the entirety of our assets to keep our nation on top and ladies make up over portion of the populace. Ladies have and are turning out to be staggeringly ground-breaking pioneers and have end up being solid pioneers in congress and other political workplaces. It is the American ladies president's aim to help and impact the country's political motivation by advancing tough ladies contender for political office The possibility that a lady could assemble an effective offer for the Presidency of the United States is picking up force and will prompt a female president in the following 10 years. The development is expanding on what many consider to be incredibly effective endeavors, especially inside the most recent decade. The popular's conclusion has changed fundamentally from 50 years prior, when just 52% of Americans would have decided in favor of a lady named by their gathering, if the lady was qualified, when contrasted with a 92% certifiable reaction today. (www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/03/feeling/surveys/main1281319.shtml) Along these lines, for what reason is there such a sensational move in feeling Could the move in conclusion be identified with the open's impression of what makes an extraordinary President How do current presidential hopefuls confront these discernments and what should they do to make themselves practical up-and-comers in the eye of the democratic open The appropriate responses may lie in the character characteristics of previous Presidents, who might be considered by numerous individuals to be incredible, or at the end of the day, viewed as generally persuasive and viable while in office. various media channels, for example, political talk and radio shows, news print, web and political magazines American ladies president have helped the ladies applicants get increasingly positive consideration by directing them to depict a progressively positive picture to the publics. American ladies president will utilize these channels of dispersion to teach the American individuals and impact t he surveys accordingly in the following ten years we will have a lady president. Ladies Less Likely Than Men to Run For Political Office Ladies may not be as fruitful as men in certain angles; be that as it may, the manner in which ladies have progressed in this day and age has given us that ladies are a significant part. Ladies' status in the public eye has expanded with time, yet all through games, religion, just as government, guys still lead the way.Fewer ladies run for president than men, on the grounds that despite the fact that the American culture has over come its customary reasoning that females should remain at home, they despite everything believe that ladies are bad chiefs under would they be able to settle on solid choice like war or other such important things. Ladies themselves realize that on occasion they should settle on be rulings against their tendency. For instance they may need to request to slaughter somebody to keep exchange insider facts and ladies can't have that much heartless in her. Aside from this ladies are not as force ravenous or definitive as male's are and subsequently their craving for the presidential office is significantly less then that of guys (Tumulty p 3) End In this way it very well may be said that soon the US will have a female president, and individuals will entire heartedly acknowledge her. The

Simple Resume Templates (17 Examples to Download Use Now)

Simple Resume Templates (17 Examples to Download Use Now) Whether you are just starting your professional career, or you are experienced person looking for a new job, you need to have a good resume in order to stand out of the crowd and increase your chances of getting the job you want.However, different jobs require different resumes. It is the case simply because the skills required to do one job are not the same as the skills needed for other jobs. For example, you don’t need the same skill set for being a cook and IT specialist.Therefore, you need to make a different resume for each of these jobs. In order to help you do that, we will present some very simple resume templates for different jobs in different fields. So stay tuned and let’s begin!1. Graphic Designer Resume ExampleSam PolanderProfession: Graphic DesignerPERSONAL INFOAddress: 25 Richmond St. Charleston, SCPhone Number: +46 76 111 08 93E-Mail Address: polandersam@gmail.comWebsite: www.polandergdesign.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/sam-polanderTwitter: @polandergdesignSUMMA RYGraphic Designer with 5 years of experience in the field of graphic design, and application of different programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop and InDesign. Also skilled in using Microsoft Office package and applications specifically used for web design, such as Dreamweaver. Did a number of projects, which had a significant impact on the company’s revenue.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" PresentExperion, New York, NYGraphic Design SpecialistCreated multiple marketing materials for numerous projects, such as logos, ads, infographics, and brochures.Worked in a dynamic environment, managing up to 3 different projects on a tight schedule, which lead to increased sales of our clients’ products and services.Watched over junior graphic designers, controlled and helped them resolve any possible issues they had while making sure those actions are not valued over budget.2014 â€" 2017Federal-MogulGraphic DesignerWorked in a team developing a new marketing strategy to increase sales of car comp onents.Developed five different styles of calendars, brochures, and presentations that were used on several fairs across the US.Designed new logos for the company, which were distributed to the company’s quarters, both in Europe and the United States.EDUCATION2010 â€" 2014Rochester Institute of Technology, NYB.A. in Graphic DesignDid a number of presentations on marketing and design techniques.GPA of 3.79/4Designed logos and illustrations for students’ magazine.SKILLSProfessional skills:Adobe PhotoshopAdobe IllustratorDreamweaverInDesignMicrosoft OfficeLanguage skills:English (Native)German (Proficient)Italian (Proficient)Spanish (Basic)Other:TeamworkProblem-solvingCreativity Right Right 2. Teacher Resume ExampleDolores UmbridgeProfession: English TeacherPERSONAL INFOAddress: 325 Pitchfork Ln, Southlake, TXPhone Number: +1 (559) 330-7813E-Mail Address: dolores.um@gmail.comWebsite: DolUmbridge.blogspot.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/dolores-umbridgeSUMMARYEnglish teacher with over 7 years of experience in working with pre-school children, teenagers and high school students alike. Proficient in 4 languages and able to deduct the core knowledge from the general information, in order to make it easier for students to understand their lessons.EXPERIENCE2015 â€" PresentEleanor Roosevelt High School, NYEnglish TeacherIn charge of 7 classes, across all years.Improved students’ average grades by 25%.2013 â€" 2015Eleanor Roosevelt High School, NYEnglish Teacher AssistantHelped the Chief English Teacher to prepare tests, present some lessons and grade students from time to time.Passed the testing for becoming a full-time teacher.2012 â€" 2013Montclair Children’s SchoolPre-Sch ool English TeacherPrepared children for their first years in elementary schools, by teaching them the basics of the English language, the basics of grammar and the most commonly used simple phrases and sentences.Applied ‘learn while playing’ method to teach children some new words and interest them in learning the language even after they go to elementary school.EDUCATION2010 â€" 2012Master of EducationUniversity of Rochester2005 â€" 2009Bachelor Degree in EducationState University of New YorkGPA of 3.8/4Dean’s list for 4 consecutive semestersSKILLSTeaching skills:Good with childrenUphold to scheduleClassroom managementOrganizationVerbal communicationConflict resolutionTime managementLanguages:English (Native)Spanish (Proficient)Italian (Proficient)French (Proficient)German (Basic) Right Right 3. Administrative Assistant Resume ExampleCaitlyn JonesProfession: Administrative AssistantPERSONAL INFOAddress: 65 Beverly Park, Beverly Hills, CAPhone Number: +1 (502) 492-4363E-Mail Address: caitlyn.jones@gmail.comWebsite: www.katiejones.comLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caitlyn-jonesSUMMARYAdministrative Assistant with 3 years of experience in the field of administration. Have the knowledge of Microsoft Office package and Quickbooks. Capable of doing daily administrative tasks with ease and in case there is a problem, I can think on my own and find the appropriate solution, without disturbing other people while they are doing more important work.EXPERIENCE2018 â€" PresentMelmarkAdministrative AssistantOrganized Director’s meetings and created his schedules, while making sure that he has enough time to accomplish everything and have some personal free time to relax with his family.Created speeches and letters that are to be sent to clients and third parties.Prepared, mana ged and printed the monthly reports, spreadsheets, brochures, infographics and presentations for the meetings.Participated in planning and coordinating the team building activities.2016 â€" 2018FMC CorporationAdministrative AssistantManaged and organized calendar for CEO, as well as preparation of daily, weekly and monthly reports, by using Microsoft Office.Was in charge of planning and coordinating important meetings and making the necessary PowerPoint presentations needed for them.Used Quickbooks to transfer paper invoices to the network grid.Organized business travels for CEO, Management and Marketing teams.EDUCATION2012 â€" 2016University of California (UCLA)B.A. in Business EconomicsGPA score: 3.5/4Dean’s list for two consecutive semestersParticipated in three case study contestsSKILLSAdministrative skills:Well-organizedProblem-solvingSchedule ManagementWritten communicationEvent organization and coordinationEmail organization and managementLanguages:English (Native)Chinese ( Basic) Right Right Create your own resume4. Nurse Resume ExampleSharon RowleyProfession: Nurse SpecialistPERSONAL INFOAddress: 79 Greenwood St. Chicago, ILPhone Number: 866 985-3652E-Mail Address: sharonrowley@gmail.comWebsite: sharon.blogspot.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/sharon-rowleySUMMARYNurse Specialist with over 5 years of experience of working in Chicago Hospital, with the extensive knowledge of patient care, safety protocols, and medical assistance methods. I have professional certificates such as AND, BLS, ACLS, and PALS. Capable of performing all day-to-day nursing activities, as well as assisting in the surgeries.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" PresentChicago HospitalNurseManaged and coordinated proper drug distribution for more than 100 patients, without any mistakes.Performed daily activities, such as patient care, putting new patients in the ward and discharging patients according to the state’s and hospital’s policies.Observed and evaluated the recovery progress of more than 30 patients, giving them moral support when it was needed.Been assisting doctors during surgeries and other medical procedures, making sure they have everything they need.2014 â€" 2017Chicago HospitalNurse Intern/Nursing AssistantPerformed daily nursing tasks, such as measuring blood pressure, EEG, EKG, taking blood samples and distributing proper drugs to patients.Assisted in common patient care, by helping them perform basic activities, such as bath activities and physical therapy.Acted as moral support to both patients and families throughout many hardships.EDUCATION2013 â€" 2015Joliet University, Chicago, ILMaster of Science in NursingWorked on a thesis on the topic of “The procedure and importance of nursing assistance during surgeries”.2009 â€" 2013University of Chicago Medical CenterBachelor of Science in NursingGPA score: 3.87/4Dean’s list for 5 consecutive semestersSKILLSMedical skills:Patient careMedical assistanceKnowledge of surgery proceduresKnowledge of safety protocols and regulati ons in hospitalsHemodynamic monitoringPre and post-anesthesia careCatheter insertion procedureTaking blood samplesMeasuring blood pressureIV installationLanguages:English (native)Italian (proficient)Other skills:EthicalCompassionateTrustedPeople skillsWell-organized Right Right 5. Sales Associate Resume ExampleNathan SharmanProfession: Sales AssociatePERSONAL INFOAddress: 32 Cornwall St. London, UKPhone Number: +44 7564 105047E-Mail Address: nathansharman@gmail.comWebsite: www.sharmansales.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/nathan-sharmanSUMMARYSales Associate with over 8 years of experience in the field. Worked in different fields, such as clothing, furniture, jewelry and IT, I know the market by heart and can easily adapt the sale strategy, depending on the situation. Highly adaptable and fast learner when it comes to introducing new products and services in different fields.EXPERIENCE2016 â€" PresentIKEA, Greenwich, LondonFurniture Sales Associate SpecialistPerformed all the necessary tasks regarding product placement, distribution, and sales.Helped customers make up their mind when they had doubts and resolved all complaints, by offering well-thought solutions.Increased customer support efficiency by 15%, allowing higher sales and income.Trained new Sales Ass ociate Trainees.2014 â€" 2016Alex Monroe JewelryJewelry Sales AssociateShowcased and organized jewelry placement in the store, maximizing the effectiveness.Helped customers decide about getting certain pieces of jewelry.Made sure every piece of jewelry and the cash register are safe from any possible harm.2011 â€" 2014Wolf Badger, LondonSales Associate AssistantShowcased and arranged different types of clothing in the store.Helped customers find the right size.Made sure that every piece of showcased clothing is not damaged in any way.Cleaned up after the store has been closed and prepared the material for the next day of work.EDUCATION2009 â€" 2011London School of Business FinanceB.A. in SalesGPA: 3.95/4Dean’s list for all semesters2005 â€" 2009Kingsbury High SchoolHigh School DiplomaSKILLSProfessional skills:Market knowledgeProduct knowledgeTeamworkUp-sellingAttention to detailsCustomer relationsCustomer servicePoint of sale systemsLanguages:English (Native)French (Proficient)S panish (Basic) Right Right 6. Business Analyst Resume ExampleCameron SmithersProfession: Business AnalystPERSONAL INFOAddress: 23 Pinewood Peak, LA, CAPhone Number: +1 (555) 325-6987E-Mail Address: cameronsmithers@gmail.comWebsite: www.cam.smithers.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/cameron-smithersSUMMARYBusiness Analyst with 5+ year of experience in the field. Capable of understanding both simple and complex market conditions, by using analytical tools and transferring data in order to minimize risk, define KPI dashboards and create a valid business strategy for the company. Has the knowledge of ERP and SAP/SAS Solutions.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" PresentCalifornia Bank TrustBusiness Analyst SpecialistPerformed the complete business analysis and suggested several reforms within the bank itself, which could increase the efficiency of the bank.Used SAP to analyze the market and offer distinctive new terms to bank clients, which increased the total number of bank services for 32%.2014 â€" 2017McGrath Rent Corp, Livermore, C AOracle E-Business Suite Business AnalystDid a complete market analysis and proposed the business strategy that had led to an increase in sales by 25%.My business solutions contributed to the rise in revenue by 14% while reducing the total costs by 17%.EDUCATION2013 â€" 2015California University of Management and SciencesMaster of Business AdministrationFinished master thesis on the topic of “Optimizing the business strategy to fit the budget and increase the profit”.Did an internship in McGrath Rent Corp.2009 â€" 2013California University of Management and SciencesBachelor of Science in Business ManagementGPA score: 3.79/4Dean’s list for 3 consecutive semestersWas in an active case study team, developing business solutions for various companies, such as Dell, IBM, and Federal BankSKILLSProfessional skills:Good analytical skillsERP, BI, and Big data platformsSAP/SAS solutionsExtensive knowledge of KPI DashboardsUsing scorecardsUAT skillsRisk and project managementLanguages:Eng lish (native)German (proficient)Russian (basic)Other skills:TeamworkOrganizationMotivation Right Right Create your own resume7. Server Resume ExampleMichael GilligProfession: ServerPERSONAL INFOAddress: 21 Jump St. Miami, FLPhone Number: +1 (502) 356-1928E-Mail Address: michael.gillig@gmail.comWebsite: www.gilligcatering.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/michael-gilligSUMMARYProfessional server with over 6 years of experience in working in bars and restaurants in Miami. Capable of working in a dynamic environment with a lot of customers. Can easily remember the menus and meal ingredients in order to inform the customers if needed.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" PresentTruluck’s, Upscale seafood steak restaurantServerTook orders from customers and helped them decide by explaining the meal’s contents.Served ordered meals with great attention to detail and without any delays.2014 â€" 2017The River Seafood Oyster BarServerHandled customer’s orders and cleaned up the tables afterward.Learned a lot about seafood and all ingredients needed to make the food delicious.2013 â€" 2014KOMODOServerHandled cu stomers’ orders and took care of the leftovers afterward.Prepared and packed food for deliveries.Helped customers with the choice of meal.EDUCATION2009 â€" 2013Miami Jackson Senior High SchoolHigh School DiplomaVolunteered in High School Cantina to help with meal preparation and arrangement.SKILLSProfessional skills:AgileWell-organizedGood people skillsGood knowledge of different types of foodMemorizationGood knowledge of different types of drinkPositive attitudeLanguages:EnglishSpanish â€" advanced userChinese â€" basic user Right Right 8. Project Manager Resume ExampleSteven BauersProfession: Project ManagerPERSONAL INFOAddress: 987 Ninth Avenue, New York City, NYPhone Number: +1 (555) 954-1397E-Mail Address: stevebauers@gmail.comWebsite: www.bauersprojects.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/steven-bauersTwitter: @bauersprojectsSUMMARYProject manager with over 4 years of experience in the field of IT. Capable of understanding and using basic and advanced marketing and accounting too ls, as well as project and database management software, such as SQL. Has enough skills to organize and plan any project activity, while also being able to solve any possible problems that come in front.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" PresentMicrosoftLead Project ManagerLeading member of the team responsible for multiple projects, such as the development of discless Xbox One and the sale strategy for it.Used SQL to analyze Microsoft Store database and think of a valid strategy that could be implemented in order to increase the sales, as well as the company’s revenue.Organization and coordination of multiple teams specialized in different areas, tasked with multiple projects which should lead to the higher efficiency of the company.2015 â€" 2017BoeingProject ManagerWorked in a team charged with developing new parts to improve widely used 747 models, in order to increase its lifespan.Increased overall sales of modern aircraft components to foreign countries by 23%.By working with an engineering section, managed to develop a fuel efficiency device, which measures the amount of fuel spent more precisely than the last used system.EDUCATION2011 â€" 2015British Columbia Institute of TechnologyB.S. in Business AdministrationMinor in Computer ScienceGPA score: 3.65/4Worked on several team projects and case studies.SKILLSProfessional skills:SQL DatabaseProject management softwareMicrosoft OfficeMarketingAccountingWeb developmentLeadershipDelegationPlanningCase studying and problem-solvingLanguages:EnglishGerman (proficient)Other skills:People skillsPublic speakingTeamwork Right Right 9. Cashier Resume ExampleMelinda WoodProfession: CashierPERSONAL INFOAddress: 69 W Pike Plaza Rd, Indianapolis, INPhone Number: +1 (501) 679-2487E-Mail Address: melindawood@gmail.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/melinda-woodSUMMARYCashier with over 2 years of experience in working in different fields, such as IT retail and food industry, where I acquired necessary skills needed for being a productive and efficient cashier while making the customers happy.EXPERIENCE12/2018 â€" PresentComputer OverdriveCashierHandled all orders and took care of the cash register.Showed customers our products and explained the specification.Cleaned the workspace after closing time.02/2017 â€" 11/2018Wendy’sCashierGreeted customers and took their ordersProcessed all transactions and made sure the cash register was working fine.Typed orders into Point of Sale system and processed all the payments.EDUCATION2013 â€" 2017Fishers High SchoolHigh School DiplomaParticipated in a math contest.SKILLSProfessional sk ills:MultitaskingGood with peopleCustomer serviceAccuracyPOS systemEfficiencyLanguages:English â€" nativeSpanish â€" proficientOther skills:Time managementWell-organizedHard-working Right Right Create your own resume10. IT Specialist Resume ExampleBen BarretProfession: IT SpecialistPERSONAL INFOAddress: 87 Lincolnshire Avenue, Boston, MAPhone Number: 502 169-7784E-Mail Address: benbarret@gmail.comWebsite: www.benbarret.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/ben-barretTwitter: @BenBarret93SUMMARYHighly educated and trained IT Specialist with the experience in developing complex business applications for multinational companies, such as IBM, Google, and Samsung, by utilizing my skills with Java, C++, and MySQL. Capable of both teamwork and solo play, with the emphasis on improving the company’s standings and increasing value added.EXPERIENCE2016 â€" PresentSamsungSenior IT SpecialistLead the team of IT specialists, tasked with creating new apps and components to increase the stability and usability of new phones.Worked on Samsung TV apps, maintained and improved existing ones and created new ones for upcoming TV models.Worked on software maintenance of the key resources in the compa ny, by delegating Junior IT Specialist to do these tasks.2013 â€" 2016GoogleIT SpecialistMaintained Google servers and improved its database by using MySQL programming features to maximize the efficiency of the servers.Worked on improving Google Drive’s stability and responsiveness, making download and upload times smaller, without putting a heavy load on the actual servers, ensuring easier traffic flow.2011 â€" 2013IBMJunior IT SpecialistUsed Java and C++ to develop software which increases the traffic flow speed between the computer and internet modem, ensuring better connection and maximizing the internet service in general.Used MySQL to maintain server database, making everything flow without a problem.Helped Senior IT Specialists perform their daily duties.EDUCATION2007 â€" 2011Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)B.S. in Computer Science, Economics and Data ScienceGPA score: 3.95/4Dean’s list for 4 consecutive semesters.Participated in multiple student projects.SKILL SProgramming skills:JavaC++C#MySQLHTMLCSSSQLOracleJavaScriptMS OfficeLanguages:English â€" native speakerGerman â€" proficient speakerItalian â€" basic speaker Right Right 11. Receptionist Resume ExamplePhilip MurkinProfession: ReceptionistPERSONAL INFOAddress: 35 Bold St., Liverpool, UKPhone Number: +44 995-4822E-Mail Address: philipmurkin@gmail.comWebsite: www.philmurkin.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/philip-murkinSUMMARYReceptionist with 7+ years of experience in multiple fields, such as medicine, IT and tourism. Good with people and very organized, capable of sticking to the planned schedule, but also aware of external influence that could make people change their plans and adapt to new terms. Very friendly attitude, with great interpersonal skills.EXPERIENCE2015 â€" PresentTracey Bell Liverpool Dental and Aesthetic Medical ClinicFront Desk ReceptionistAnswering calls from customers and patients, booking the available spots for them and arranging a meeting with doctors.Greets patients and customers, making sure they are comfortable in the waiting room and informing doctors about them.Scheduling and rescheduling meetings between patients and doctors.O rganize schedules and plan professional meetings.2012 â€" 2015Red Ninja, LiverpoolSoftware CompanyFront Desk ReceptionistMade schedules and planned business meetings.Answered calls from customers and helped them with their problems regarding the company’s products.Organized teambuilding activities.EDUCATION2008 â€" 2012London UniversityBusiness AdministrationGPA: 3.7/4Participated in student’s community work, by solving the real issues University faced.SKILLSProfessional skills:Business writingMicrosoft OfficePlanningMaking schedulesFast typingExcellent communication skillsInformation managementLanguages:English â€" nativeGerman â€" proficientOther:Hard-workingProfessionalism Right Right 12. Bartender Resume ExampleLarry PayneProfession: BartenderPERSONAL INFOAddress: 127 Glory St. LA, CAPhone Number: +1 (502) 365-6674E-Mail Address: larrypayne@gmail.comWebsite: www.paynebar.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/larry-payneSUMMARYBartender with over 10 years of experience in working be hind the bar. Have extensive knowledge of a wide number of drinks, cocktails, and wines. Capable of making every cocktail you desire, or to experiment with some if you want to try something new.EXPERIENCE2015 â€" PresentTiki-Ti Cocktail Bar, LABartenderPreparing all kinds of cocktails with a certain Hawaiian flavorGreets customers and helping them decide which cocktail to get, by answering all the questions they might haveKeeping the bar clean and fresh all the time2011 â€" 2015The EdisonBartenderWas greeting the customers and helped them decide what to drink if they had doubts.Prepared all the cocktails and soft drinks.Organized and coordinated live music on some occasions and electronic music on a daily basis.2009 â€" 2011Tramp Stamp Granny’sBartenderGreeted customers and lead them to their reserved tables.Made and served all types of drinks.Kept the bar clean.Organized and coordinated the live music and dancing nights.EDUCATION2005 â€" 2009Granada Hills Charter High SchoolHigh School DiplomaVolunteered in humanitarian action organized by students, which helped the poor and homeless people.SKILLSProfessional skills:Excellent knowledge of drinksExcellent knowledge of cocktail typesGreat interpersonal skillsAgileLanguages:EnglishSpanish (basic)Other skills:Well-organizedTeamwork Right Right 13. Medical Assistant Resume ExampleVeronica StricklandProfession: Medical AssistantPERSONAL INFOAddress: 63 Diamond Rd, Watford, UKPhone Number: +1 (555) 951-2468E-Mail Address: v.strickland@gmail.comWebsite: www.veronicas.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/veronica-stricklandSUMMARYMedical Assistant with over 4 years of experience in working with all types of patients, from fully agile to the bedridden. Capable of giving all kind of medical attention, from taking blood samples and measuring blood pressure to installing catheter and IV/Transfusion packages. Posses the knowledge of right techniques to help injured or sick people to move from bed to wheelchair. Very good interpersonal skills.EXPERIENCE2016 â€" presentUCSF Benioff HospitalMedical AssistantPerformed daily nursing tasks, such as drug distribution to patients, measuring blood pressure, taking blood samples.Performed basic patient care activities, such as giving the IV and catheter where needed.Helped patients do their personal activities, such as showering, shaving, personal hygiene/bathroom needs.Assisted doctors whenever it was needed with surgeries or some emergency cases.2015 â€" 2016Saint Francis Memorial HospitalMedical Assistant InternPerformed day-to-day medical tasks. Distributed drugs and transferred patients from one win to another when needed.Took patients on different physical examinations, such as CT scanner and EEG.Helped patients with their personal hygiene, such as showering, bathroom needs, and shaving.EDUCATION2011 â€" 2015UCSF School of MedicineMedical AssistantGPA: 3.9/4Did an internship in the school’s hospital for the half a semester.SKILLSMedical Skills:Catheter installingTaking a blood sampleIV distributionPatient careMedical proceduresSurgery proceduresSafety regulationsLanguages:English â€" nativeFrench â€" proficientOther skills:Calm and understandingTeamworkHelpful Right Right Create your own resume14. Marketing Specialist Resume ExampleHellen DarkProfession: Marketing SpecialistPERSONAL INFOAddress: 6 Merrill Rd, Rotherham, UKPhone Number: +44 987 47 69E-Mail Address: hellendark@gmail.comWebsite: www.hellenmarketing.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/hellen-darkSUMMARYMarketing specialist with over 4 years of experience in the area of digital and social media marketing. With the knowledge of more advanced features of all major social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Attended more than 20 marketing fairs across Europe.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" Present1HQ, Windsor, UKMarketing SpecialistOrganized and coordinated 7 fairs for our clients so far, including Nokia, Coca-Cola, and Evian.Developed brochures, flyers, logos, and presentations for the fairs.Increased sales for an additional 65% over the past year.2015 â€" 2017Heavenly Group, London, UKDigital Marketing SpecialistWas in charge of managing Facebook, Twitter and Instagram profiles of for o ur clients.Planned and scheduled special events and informed customers about them over social media pages.Was in contact with major clients, listening to their wishes and fulfilling their desires.EDUCATION2013 â€" 2014Warwick Business SchoolMSc in Marketing and StrategyWrote a master thesis on the topic of “Digital Marketing Era: How it Changed the Way Business is done?”2009 â€" 2013Warwick Business SchoolBSc in ManagementGPA score: 3.84/4Dean’s list for 3 consecutive semestersParticipated in problems solving competition organized by the university and took 2nd place.SKILLSMarketing skills:CreativityMS Office packageAdobe PhotoshopAdobe IllustratorExtensive knowledge of advanced Facebook features.Extensive knowledge of advanced Instagram features.Extensive knowledge of Twitter features.TeamworkPlanningOrganizationLanguages:EnglishSwedish proficientFinnish â€" basicGerman â€" basicOther skills:Hard-workingCommunicative Right Right 15. Retail Associate Resume ExampleDamian PaulsonProfession: Retail AssociatePERSONAL INFOAddress: 25 Hennie Fortuin Cres, Cape Town, South AfricaPhone Number: +27 933-2412E-Mail Address: damianpaulson@yahoo.comWebsite: www.paulsonretail.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/damian-paulsonTwitter: @PaulsonRetailSUMMARYRetail Associate with 3 years of experience in online retail sales and 2 years of experience in general sales. Capable of assisting the customers and receive complaints. Able to resolve issues with great ease, and keep customers happy.EXPERIENCE2016 â€" presentAmazonRetail AssociateReceived orders and forwarded them to sellers.Managed finances coming from the sales, making sure they go where they are supposed to.Used digital marketing to advertise certain products.2014 â€" 2016Shoprite, SARetail AssistantHelped in the sales organization, making sure the right products are put on sale.Performed merchandizing for 2 full holiday seasons.Controlled the inventory, making sure it is w ell stocked.EDUCATION2011 â€" 2014Longford TechAssociate of ArtsGPA: 3.5/4Participated in students projects for garage sales organization for the entire neighborhood.SKILLSProfessional:ManagementMS OfficeMoney handlingExcellent communicationHelpfulLanguages:English â€" nativeFrench â€" proficientOther skills:TeamworkOrganized Right Right 16. Engineer Resume ExampleChris BrinkProfession:   Mechanical EngineerPERSONAL INFOAddress: 7 Yorkshire Avenue, London, UKPhone Number: +44 98 98 336E-Mail Address: chrisbrink@hotmail.comWebsite: www.chrisbrink.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/chris-brinkTwitter: @ChrisBrink007SUMMARYMechanical engineer with 8 years of experience, specialized in developing and coordinating the manufacturing of crucial components for modern Chrysler cars. Worked on new upgrades for Chrysler 300 model, making it even better. Teamwork oriented and capable of resolving mechanical problems with great ease.EXPERIENCE2013 â€" PresentChryslerChief Mechanical EngineerLead a t eam tasked with producing new upgraded versions of Pacifica and Pacifica Hybrid models, which resulted in less fuel consumption by 13%.Redesigned engine components for Chrysler 300 model, giving it more power.Tutored 5 groups of young mechanical engineers, showing them what we do, and what is needed of them.Awarded the “Chrysler champion” reward for the innovations introduced to the 300 models.2010 â€" 2013Harley DavidsonMechanical EngineerWorked on the maintenance of the old motorcycle models, polishing their engines and adding new parts.Developed air combustor for older motors, capable of reducing fuel consumption by 12% and increasing power for 10%.EDUCATION2006 â€" 2010MITBSc in Mechanical EngineeringGPA: 3.75/4Managed to get onto the Dean’s list for 3 consecutive semesters.SKILLSEngineering skillsLean manufacturingUsing sensitive materialsProduction design developmentCreation of workflowRegular engine maintenanceLanguage skills:EnglishGerman â€" proficientItalian â€" basi cOther skills:OrganizedTeamworkLeadership skillsCommunicative Right Right 17. Entry-Level People Resume ExampleJohn SturgisProfession: University Teaching AssistantPERSONAL INFOAddress: 12 Stanford Rd, Franklin, MA Phone Number: +1 (555) 987-3654E-Mail Address: johnsturgis@gmail.comLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/john-strugisSUMMARYMasters student of English poetry and literature at Stanford University. Currently finishing studies. Have had GPA scores of 3.89 and managed to get onto the Dean’s list for 5 consecutive semesters. Did an internship at London High School as an English teacher.EXPERIENCE2017 â€" 2018London High SchoolEnglish Teacher InternOrganized lessons and classes on a daily basis.Graded students and wrote their grades in the system.Assisted head teacher to prepare for the finals.EDUCATION2018 â€" presentExpected to graduate in 2019Stanford UniversityMaster of Arts in English Literature and PoetryPreparing the master thesis on the topic “The influence of multicultural environment in England in the late XIX century on the literature and poetry. ”2014 â€" 2018Stanford UniversityBachelor of Arts in English LiteratureGPA: 3.95/4Graduated on the topic: “Shakespeares influence on the modern literature”SKILLSProfessional:Academic WritingDoing researchCreative WritingKnowledge of English literatureConstructive criticismLanguages:English â€" nativeSpanish â€" proficientSwedish â€" basicOther skills:OrganizedHard-workingCommunicative Right Right CONCLUSIONThere you go, folks! Those were our examples of resumes for some of the most common professions. If you have any questions, feel free to let us know below in the comments. Create your own resume

The Concept of merger - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2753 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Concept of Merger The determinants of merger and acquisition behavior have long been a topic of interest to researchers. Epstein (2004) provide that merger defines as a business activity involves two entities of relatively comparable stature coming together and taking the best of each company to form a completely new organization. Mergers are often categorized as horizontal, vertical or conglomerate mergers. Gaugham (2007) provide the brief definition of the three type of merger. Two competitors combination is called horizontal merger. Vertical mergers are the combinations of companies which exist with a buyer-seller relationship; A conglomerate occurs when two combined companies are not competitors and without a buyer-seller relationship. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Concept of merger" essay for you Create order 2.2 The Motives of Merger In order to achieve an ideal position for the organizations business, company may decide to undertake merger activities. There are probably many different motivations for merger as involving bidders and targets. Trautwein (1990) offers several theories of merger motives including efficiency, monopoly, raider, valuation, process, empire-building and disturbance theory. Ikeda and Doi (1983) point out that company take advantage of merger activities to increasing market share or market power, increasing efficiency, firm growth and increase of research and development all are the merger motives. Lam and Chiu (2005) suggest that objectives for merger are diverse, including fillings critical capability gaps, achieving synergies and economic of scale, acquisition of tax losses and tending off an income trust structure and replacement of management. However, corporate takeovers and acquisitions give rise to vastly differing attitudes between the parties (Gerold 1989). Both parties are seeking to promote, or perhaps one of the companies wish to receive a friendly rescue for the financial difficulties situation. Other than the above motivations, several empirical studies provide support to the synergy as a key merger motives. For example, Leland (2007) points out that the both positive and negative operational synergies are the primary motives for restructuring the company. Bradley et al. (1988) mention that a successful tender offer will increase the combined value of the target and acquiring firms by an average 7.4%. Berkovitch and Narayanan (1993) document that synergy is the primary motive in takeovers with positive total gains Mukherjee et al. (2004) suggest that a premium to the target firm is justified if the merger produces synergistic benefits. It will be detail discussed in the session of Literature Review. Furthermore, Sun and Tang (2000) create the support for two firms merged in the same line of business is for the purpose of achieving economies of scale in production, distribution, or some other phases of their operation. (The detail of economies of scale will have a further discuss) 2.2.1 Economies of scale Economy of scale is a practical concept that refers to the reduction in fixed cost per unit resulting from increased production through the operational efficiencies. (Dranove and shanley 2005) Applying to the merger aspect that is combined company can often reduce its fixed costs of the production by simplifying complicated departments or operations. Thus, profit margins are increased. Kasman (2005) mention that lower the costs proportionally by changing the production output can result to economies of scale. Some scholars view economies of scale as one of the main motives of merger and have formed comment on the circumstances. Rezitis (2008) suggest that the occurrence of the economies of scale is due to the control of cost-saving technologies has been achieve or the fixed cost regarding to a large volume of output has been spread by the merged company and thereby average cost reduced and efficiency enhanced. Dranove and shanley (2005) point out that strategic rationale for the merger activities include economies of scale and scope which can be achieved by shifting the production to a centralized facility or investing the resources necessary to build sufficient capacity. 2.2.2 Synergy Goold and Campbell (1998) report six forms of synergy including shared know-how, shared tangible resources, pooled negotiation power, coordinated strategies, vertical integration and combined business creation. Anderson (1987) defines that synergy can represent the nature of the successful acquisition game, which violating the laws of mathematics and causing one plus one to equal three. (i.e. 1+1=3) Synergy is also defined as increases in competitiveness and resulting cash flows beyond what the two companies are expected to accomplish independently (Sirower 1997). 2.2.2.1 Generation of synergy The theory of synergistic merger is meaning company can achieve efficiency gain by combining the good business or plants of the acquired firms with their own business or plants. It was discovered that synergies may arise from a variety of sources and denote the incremental positive and negative cash flow consequences of being merged (Fulghieri and Hodrick 2006). Srinivasan and Mishra (2007) point out that synergy is created when the merged firms value is worth more than the firm individual existing. Three main categories are classified as operational synergy, financial synergy and managerial synergy. Operational synergy is generated by the combination of operation separate units. The lower cost of capital cause financial synergy appears. Managerial synergy occurs when the superior planning and monitoring of the acquiring and target firm are the complementary abilities. There are several research discussed the way of synergy generation. Maldonado (2002) indicates that operational synergies or technical economies constitute synergies are cost of production related and arise from the sharing between activities of lumpy or intangible multi-use assets. Sun and Tang (2000) mentions that one means of achieving operation synergy is to combine two firms having complementary resources to eliminate duplicate facilities, operations or departments. Beside, Rezitis (2007) point out that the attainment of the operational synergies via mergers and acquisitions depends on the realization of economies of scale and scope. Also, the generation of financial synergy is discussed. Fluck and Lynch (1999) note that financial synergy may occur when mergers increase the combined values of acquirers and targets by financing positive NPV projects that cannot be financed as stand-alones. Gaughan (2007) develop the process of realizing synergistic gains. Achieving synergistic gains should begin with careful strategic planning. (Refer to the figure 1) If the merger planning has been well thought, there is a better chance to being successful. After that, it is necessary to integrate the two merged business. Aware of the cultural, operational and strategic difference is required. Lastly, the synergy gain is realized according to the analysis of financial performance, which may be broken down enhancements may come from the broader product line. Cost reduction is due to the elimination of duplicate costs on the merged companies. 2.2.2.2 Evaluation of synergy In order to have a successful merger, company should consist of business talent that you can cause the predicted synergy to be realized (Anderson 1987). Thus, evaluation of synergy plays a significant role for the merger success. No trial can be found in merger and acquisition is the main reason for the company to evaluating of synergy (Kode et al. 2003). It was found that there are some literatures give opinion about the synergy evaluation. Fulghieri and Hodrick (2006) mention that both positive and negative synergies can be evaluated by the incremental expected joint production which merged firm generated. In addition, high quality evaluation of acquisition candidates is an essential element of success which leading synergistic gain (Anderson 1987). A variety of techniques for valuing companies such as discounted cash flow, price/earnings multiple and earnings dilution are suggested by him. Gupta and Gerchak (2002) suggest the determination of whether or not a merger is an economic success, valuation is the major focus. The purpose of valuation is helping bidders to gain a better understanding of key drivers of operational synergy. The comparable companies or transactions approach and the discounted cash flow approach are proposed. 2.3 The impacts of merger Company carry out merger activities may generate positive impact or negative impact as well as the neutral result. The following provide some example which select from diverse literatures and relate to the evaluation of merger impact. 2.3.1 Positive impact A number of articles have studied and measured the benefit of MA and found that the advantages focus mainly to the area of the shareholder value, business competitiveness and productivity. By using the transitional and new market-model measures, mergers in general are a means to permanent gains in the wealth position of the stockholders of acquiring and acquired firm (Lubatkin 1987). However, the changes in stockholder value are associated with the type of merger. Nguyen and Ollinger (2006) state that most merged firms can improve their productivity growth after merger. The productivity of about 85% of the acquired plants grew faster than the productivity of nonacquired plants. Also, mergers can produce the serious anticompetitive consequence. The reason is if a merger is likely to have efficiency and market-power consequences, the response of downstream firms will represent the anticipated net effect of these consequences on product market prices (Mullin et al. 1995). The more the successful of the merger activities, the more the positive impacts are produced. Epstein (2005) point out the mainly reason for the successful merger is the merger strategy. The careful development and implementation of merger strategy can significantly increase the likelihood of overall merger success through. 2.3.2 Negative impact If the merger activities unsuccessfully carried out, some harm will cause to the difference aspect of the companys business practices. The most common one is the effect of financial aspect. Maldonado (2002) has performed the investigation about whether merger and acquisitions result in improved financial performance. It was found that mergers did not have a positive effect on financial performance since the efficiency and pricing have not been improved. Hoshino (1982) point out that adverse effects are caused by mergers. There are is no evidence that merged firms have a higher growth ratio than the firm without merger which can enjoy a higher rate of growth of equity in long run. Apart from the financial aspect, ethical aspects are also subject to discuss. Syrjala and Takala (2007) study on corporate merger and focus on the ethical aspects in the Nordic Electro-business industry. They show that the merger process will lead to decreased responsibility among the organizational members, which due to the inconsistency between genuine ethical thinking and executive talk. The moral attitudes of the managers will be influenced in the turmoil of organizational change because of the new operating model and new corporate management. For the part of effects on the stakeholder, Tuch and OSullivan (2007) failed to find consistent evidence of improvements in shareholder wealth after the volume of merger and acquisition activity and thereby management is troublesome and raises important questions about the wisdom of takeover activity. Epstein (2005) outlines six key determinants of merger success namely strategic vision and fit, deal structure, due diligence, premerger planning, post merger integration and external factor. The lack of clarity regarding the elements of merger success and implementation will lead to measurement problem and mergers desirable or of dubious value. 2.3.3 Impact on both Positive and Negative The effects of merger not only positive but also negative may be generated. There are some literatures show merger are able to generate positive and negative at the same time. Corlton et al. (1980) state that merger activities will be a great benefit for product improvement to the company. In the meantime, the adverse competitive effects of the merger also caused since the potential competition is likely to issue in merger case only if the market is defined. Otherwise, there is no significance to assign the elimination of the potential entrant by the merger. Dickerson et al. (1997) disclose the relative advantages and disadvantages of acquisitions growth for the company performance. Here are the three advantages provided. The first one is the returns from the acquisition are likely to materialize quickly. Secondly, acquisition can provide a firm with new internal investment opportunities by facilitating entrance into new product areas and by providing new information in those areas. The ability to remove the potential competitor is the last advantage. However, there are also three disadvantages are mentioned. Since the firm purchases an already existing company, it may not get exactly what it prefers. The second disadvantage of acquisition is that the acquired firm might have its own set of problems. Thirdly, it is difficult for integrating it with the existing organizational structure of the acquirer. 2.4 Evaluation approach for merger performance Numerous empirical studies have investigated the evaluation approach for merger performance such as financial performance, operating performance, marketing performance and managerial performance etc. 2.4.1 Financial ratio Sun and Tang (2000) have carried out the examination on the operating performance of merged railroad, which based on financial measures that are related to a firms efficiency performance. They are operating income to operating revenues (operating margin) and net income to operating revenues (net margin). Ikea and Doi (1983) discuss various financial aspects for measures of merger performance such as profitability, rate of firm growth, R D expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses/sales etc. In addition, the financial performances of the acquiring firms during pre and post merger periods have been analyzed with the help of various financial ratios (Vanitha and Selvam 2007). Liquidity ratios, leverage ratios and profitability ratios are the three selected to test the results. Liquidity ratios indicate the companys ability to meet all its obligations both long-term as well as short term without strain. The leverage is for measuring the ability of a company to use funds to enhance the returns to its investors. Profitability ratios are calculated to measure the overall efficiency of an organization (Vanitha and Selvam 2007). Hoshino (1982) also mentions that the performances of corporate mergers, before and after the merger, can be compared on the basis of the financial data. Financial ratio should be performed such as net worth to total liabilities and assets, current ratio, debt-equity ratio, turnover ratio and net profit to total liabilities and assets etc. For the aspect of comparison, Sun and Tang (2000) suggest that the post-merger performance is compared with pre-merger performance. It will assist to determine whether changes in firm condition following announcements of mergers tend to indicate deterioration or improvement of performance. 2.4.2 SWOT Analysis Houben et al. (1999) state that SWOT analysis is an effective means for analyzing internal and external environments in order to attain systematic approaches and supports for successful industry strategy formulation. Global competitive and its competitive strategy are largely influenced by changes in both internal and external environments of the machine tool industry since it is aimed at establishing a profitable and sustainable position. Therefore, analyzing the competitive environment in detail and strengthening the competitive advantages have become necessities for establishment of a successful strategy (Shinno et al. 2006). 2.4.3 Value Creation Baker (1992) addresses that company can create value in several ways with its dairy acquisitions program such as increasing the economies of scale in production. Gerold (1989) mention that in general the valuations provided will be on an open market value basis, which is defined as the best price at which an interest in a property might reasonably expected to be sold at the date of the valuation. Tuch and OSullivan (2007) point out that merger create the impact of the market value of acquirers on post acquisition performance and the market value of acquirers can be measured by Price Earning Ratio. The higher the P/E ratio, the higher valuation cause on the stock market. 2.5 Real Practice of Merger Cases in Hong Kong The trend of mergers and acquisitions in Hong Kong become active since 1980s. It is one of the popular methods for the company restructuring (Lang 1999). Deacons (2006) also mention that the Hong Kong has experienced an increase in merger and acquisition activity over the past decade. This situation is now continue since the overseas companies are willing to invest in Hong Kong as which is well established with the main financial and services hub for the PRCs economic development and the economy of which has undergone substantial recovery since the post-1997 deflationary era. It is known that Hong Kong has a long history of mergers. Both successful and failure merger cases in Hong Kong and are selected for discussion (Lang 1999). Hong Kong and Shanghai Banjing Corporation (HSBC) and Midland Bank case is one of the most successful overseas acquisitions by a Hong Kong company. The unique feature of this case is that while the HSBC shareholders were pessimistic in the beginning, they completely changed their view towards the completion of this event. It indicated Hong Kong market is efficiency in that the corporate announcement effect is consistent with the performance of HSBC after the acquisition of Midland Bank (Lang 1999) Swilynn and Teletech case occurred in 1990, which involve two medium-sized Hong Kong firms was overlooked by people; however, it represents the fiercest fight between bidder and target. Emotional factor is an important element for the suitability of Teletch as a target being questionable at the beginning. Both companies went bankrupt a couple of years after the acquisition.

Cultural Erasure, Retention and Renewal - 1298 Words

Cultural Retention, Renewal and Erasure Culture can be defined as the way of the life of a people, with regards to both the material and non-material aspects. However, as a result of a developing and maturing society, in addition to the birth of various generations and external influences, these â€Å"ways of life† can be inadvertently retained, renewed and even discarded. Our own Caribbean society, specifically Barbados is not exempt from such occurrences. Cultural Erasure is the gradual removal of various traditions and customs from society. The process of cultural erasure is gradual as these practices generally make a slow but noticeable transition from a state of prominence to a rarity in everyday life. In most instances, cultural†¦show more content†¦The practice of utilising donkeys as a means of transport, building chattel houses as a means of shelter and walking to a stand-pipe as a means of water has long become obsolete. These traditions despite being the vi tal and necessary customs for survival of our forefathers are seen as inconvenient and are even looked down upon by some. It is a certain rarity to find anyone that still relies heavily upon these, especially with the evolution of the automobile, indoor water systems and alike. Cultural Retention, I would not describe as a process but more of a conscious action or attempt to not only preserve, but improve upon certain practices and customs. This will occur when a tradition not only links to a major segment of a society’s history, but when it functions as a source of identity and pride. It also works to the tradition’s advantage when it is enjoyable and/or entertaining. A very prominent example of cultural retention in the Caribbean is Independence Day celebration. All across the region, no matter the island, the anniversary of its independence is seen as a special occasion. It is an event where the entire island takes a moment to remember its history and where society recalls its roots. It is important to note that this is a period where several cultures, both new and old are observed and analysed to see how they link to the island’s history. In the island of Barbados, Independence Day is recognised yearly as a time where the allShow MoreRelatedCaribbean Studies Syllabus5959 Words   |  24 PagesCaribbean region as well as the historical evolution of Caribbean society, the cultural characteristics of the Caribbean people, and the ways in which Caribbean society and culture influence and are influenced by societies and cultures outside the region. GENERAL OBJECTIVES On completion of this Module, students should: 1. Understand the factors which have shaped Caribbean society and culture; 2. Appreciate how cultural traits evident throughout the region have resulted from Caribbean peoples’ experiences;Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesINTRODUCTION 21 in exactly the same way, or even to behave the same way from one encounter to the next. Sensitivity to individual differences is an important part of an effective manager’s repertoire. A great deal of research has been conducted on cultural differences, gender differences, ethnic differences, and age differences in organizations (e.g., Cox, 1994; Cox Beal, 1997). While we will not summarize that extensive research, we do want to highlight the importance of being sensitive to individuality

Why Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid Free Essays

Why did the US introduce Marshall Aid? The main reason why the US introduced Marshall Aid was to prevent the spread of Communism. In 1946 almost the whole of Eastern Europe was Communist, this was due to the actions of Stalin, he wanted to build up a line of countries around Russia and use them as a â€Å"buffer zone† to protect the USSR from being attacked. Britain had troops in Greece and was fighting a Civil War against the Communists in fear that it too would fall under Stalin’s Communist rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid or any similar topic only for you Order Now The USA stepped in when the British announced that they could no longer afford to keep their troops in Greece, Truman feared that the whole of Eastern Europe would become Communist (the idea of Communism was very popular in times of hardship, the communists believed that the wealth of the richest people should be shared out among the poor) so he agreed to pay for military supplies, weapons, economic aid and British troops to be sent to Greece and Turkey. The USA’s aid soon became known as The Truman Doctrine. This was the idea that communism should not be allowed to grow and gain territory, and that it was America’s ‘duty’ to fight for liberty. It was agreed that they would send resources to any Government that was threatened by communism. The Truman Doctrine was significant as it divided the world, showing that Capitalism and Communism were in opposition, which suggested that the East and the West could no longer co-operate. This emphasised the many difference between them. The Marshall Plan started the Truman Doctrine in June 1947, when it was announced that $17 billion should be given to Europe to help rebuild their inefficient economy and prevent the spread of communism. For the USA, Marshall Aid was introduced to make the idea of Capitalism appear more appealing, it was also introduced to try and prevent communism spreading. This now highlights how terrified they were of Communism and to what extent they would go to prevent it influencing the whole of Europe. For the countries in Europe that received aid through the Marshall Plan it was seen as a way of rebuilding their economies and preventing communism in their own country. How to cite Why Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid, Papers

Market Failure Essay Example

Market Failure Essay A) Using appropriate theory, diagram and examples, analyse the way in which the market ‘fails’ with regards to the environment World market existed from the basic economics of supply and demand theory where demand is the amount or quantity of goods or services that buyers are willing to pay at certain price in exchange for its value or benefit while supply refers to the quantity of goods or services that suppliers are willing to produce at certain cost. Figure 1 and 2 below explain how demand and supply changes with price. Figure 1 shows an inversely proportional relationship of demand and the price. Demand increase from Q1 to Q2 when price drops from P1 to P2. This explains why post Christmas sales attracts huge crowd to the shopping mall. Figure 2 shows a direct proportional relationship of supply and the price. Supply quantity increase from Q3 to Q4 as the price of goods or services increase from P3 to P4. Supplier tends to produce more at higher selling price as it means higher profit for the supplier. This can be seen in agriculture industries where Malaysia and Indonesia where palm oil production increased significantly when the profit is high. However, supplier cannot keep producing without limit as price is determined by whether there is demand. When the supply is more than the demand, the price will drop. When demand is more than the supply, the price will increase. Due to the opposite nature of the demand and supply with respect to price, supply and demand will have to keep re-adjusting itself until a point where supply S is equal to demand D. This is the point where all the demand will be fulfilled by the supply at a optimum price (Peq). This is when market reaches its equilibrium (Fig 3). This is the state where market is most efficient in its resource allocation. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the real world market, the basic supply and demand curve sometimes fails to allocate its scarce resources to the socially optimal outcome when externality exits. Externality is defined as the costs or benefits of activities that are indirectly imposed to the third parties at certain cost or benefit which is not been considered by the producers or the consumers. When there is a cost imposed on third parties, it is called negative externality. For example, when a pig farm is build next to a residential village, the villagers will have to bear the smell of pig farming. The pig farming activities may also pollute the river. This indirectly imposes higher cost to the villagers who drink the water from the river which causes higher health costs. Similarly, when third parties benefited from an activity in which they are not directly involved or paid for, it is called a positive externality. (A. C Pigou, 1932). Both negative and positive externality can cause market to fail. Figure 4 below illustrates the effect of external externality to the market equilibrium. When a firm produces a good and pollutes the air, the Marginal Private Cost (MPC) will represent the cost of producing the goods without taking into consideration any cost of polluting. This will produce QMKT quantity of goods at the cost of PMKT. Since the firm is polluting the air, there will be cost involved as there is 3rd party who suffers from the pollution. As such the true cost of producing will need to take into consideration of externality cost. It’s called Marginal External Cost (MEC). The true cost is reflected as Marginal Social Cost (MSC) which is the sum of MPC and MEC. A new supply demand equilibrium will occurs at MSC equal to D curve which gives the quantity of QMSC at price of PMSC. This shows how market fails in free unregulated market where it was producing too much goods / services (QMKT) at low price (PMKT). Positive externality exists when 3rd party enjoy the benefit from certain economic activities without paying for it. An example will be when a property developer builds a shopping mall nearby a housing estate, residents nearby will gain the convenience of shopping place as well as rise in property prices. The problem is that the developer will not spend to build more shopping mall simply because residents get to enjoy the convenience. This happen exactly the same in the market where market does not allocate enough resources to produce the socially optimal quantity at its own cost. This can be illustrated in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows that in free unregulated market where Marginal External Benefit (MEB) is omitted, equilibrium happens when supply curve (S) is equal to Marginal Private Benefit (MPB) curve and produces the QMKT quantity of goods or services. With the inclusion of MEB, the quantity of goods produced QMSB are more than QMKT at MPB. This underproduction due to positive externality is also a market failure. With proper subsidies and incentive, MEB will be taken into consideration, hence enable the supplier to produce more goods or services at quantity QMSB and sell at a higher price (PMSB). From the explanation above, we can conclude that market failure can occur when externality exists and causes misallocation of resources for most efficient use. These failures are especially obvious with regards to the environment. Factories decision to dispose waste into river, lake and greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere has caused huge negative effect to the environment as well as to the people who utilise the natural supplies. It causes damage to health, infrastructure as well as the whole ecosystem. For the past 150 years, our world has gone through unprecedented economic growth as well as the population increase. This led to surge in demand for energy, land, transportation as well as agriculture product. At the same time, more waste and pollution was released to the environment all without proper control. Lots of forests which serve as natural way reducing carbon dioxide had been destroyed in order to provide land for new settlement and farming as well as for economic development. This further worsens the world’s carbon dioxide level of the greenhouse gases. Figure 7 shows the distribution of greenhouse gases emission from different industries (Stern Review, 2006). People today have experienced devastated effect of environmental damage. World is getting warmer, certain places are getting drier while other places are getting wetter and windier. People are also experiencing more powerful and destructive El Nino. Global warming has caused melting of ice and rise in sea level, together with unusual weather, it can cause tremendous damages to the people as well as country economy. According to Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada, The hurricane Katrina would cost US at least $150 billion (San Francisco Chronicle, 2005). Recent snow storm in China will cost $21 billion to its economy and also directly affecting global supply chain (Singapore Straits Times, Feb 24, 2008). Figure 8 shows the global average temperature projection until 2100. It shows that global temperature will continue to rise by 2 to 3 degree and this will have serious impact to the world which may cause even worst disaster and much more disaster than what the world has experienced today. In view of the huge externality cost for the environment, different countries have come to realise the importance of reducing the greenhouse gases and pollution. This has brought to the agreement of Kyoto protocol in 1997. Legally binding greenhouse gases emission target was set for different member countries. Developed countries will provide financial aid to developing countries in the effort to curb pollution. Europe has adopted carbon trade permit in order to limit the amount of emission. Countries used Pigouvian tax method to levy taxes to the firm that pollutes according to the amount of pollution they produce. This forces the polluting firm to internalised the effect of externality as well as creating incentive for the firm to reduce pollution. However, this tax is based on estimate. Therefore with the inclusion of this tax, it may only get closer to marginal social cost. This tax method can also be applied to work with positive externality. Certain countries such as Malaysia will provide tax incentives for the re-plantation work after logging. Because of that, lots of land that were logged had gone through re-plantation process or had been converted into palm oil where palm oil has become a source of renewable energy source. Regulation for maximum emission was also enforced. Firms will be fined if they exceeded the emission limit. Regulation, however does not really gives incentive for firm to cut down pollution. Firms tend to pollute to the maximum pollution limit allowed. Some countries like Philippines also practices different policy on transportation. Only vehicle number plates end with certain number are allowed to be on the road on certain days of the week. This indirectly helps to cut down the transportation pollution. Introducing of new technology better efficiency and reduced emission has also gained steam. Singapore has introduced green vehicle such as hybrid car and Compact Natural Gas (CNG) car which are more fuel efficient and produce less carbon (Singapore News, Jan 13, 2008). Germany has introduced its hydrogen technology to the BMW cars which produces zero emission with the by product as water vapour (Singapore Straits Time, Feb 14, 2008). Australia is researching into injecting certain kangaroo bacteria into cattle and sheep stomach which scientists believe can reduce large quantities of harmful gases that were released by the animals (Green Diary, 2007). Use of renewable energy such as solar power has become increasing popular. International Energy Inc of USA is developing technology to convert carbon dioxide into bio fuels using algae (International Energy Inc). The technological breakthrough can lead to substantial emission reduction. Other policies such as subsidies are also introduced. Singapore has been giving huge subsidy for firms involved in renewable energy as well as water recycling research. This has made some of the water treatment companies to successfully bring down the cost in converting waste water into drinking water. In conclusion, externalities cause market to fail with regards to environments which have serious implication to the world economy. Each country will have to contribute their fair share and effort towards a feasible solution and collaborate with each other in the effort of reducing emission although there are still lots of argument by developing countries that current environmental problem was mainly the result of the past emission by the developed countries. References A. C Pigou, 1932. The Economics of Welfare. Air Transport Bureau (ATB). Aircraft Engine Emissions http://www. cao. int/icao/en/env/aee. htm Airbus website. Airbus A380. See The Big Picture. http://www. airbus. com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/index2. html Allen Hershkowitz, Darby Hoover, Peter Atkin, 2006. How Airlines and Airports Can Clean Up Their Recycling Programs Andrew Mackenzie and David Rice, 2001. Ethics and the Multinational Corporation, in the Moral Universe. BBC News, UK, Feb 26, 2008. Airline in First Biofue l Flight. http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/uk_news/7261214. stm Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, China Aviation Outlook 2007 D. Daggett, O. Hadaller, R. Hendricks, and R. Walther, 2006 – NASA : Alternative Fuels for Aviation. http://www. energybulletin. net/23098. html David Friedman. 1986, 1990. Price Theory : Chapter 18 – Market Failures Deborah Doane, 2002. Market Failure: The Case For Mandatory Social and Environmental reporting Dft, 2003. The Future of Air Transport European Federation for Transport and Environment / Climate Action Network Europe publication, 2006. Clearing the Air : The Myth and Reality of Aviation and Climate Change, TE 06/2 Friends of The Earth, 2007. Call to Regulate Aircraft Carbon Emissions http://action. foe. org/pressRelease. jsp? ress_release_KEY=300 G. Akerlof, 1970, The Market for Lemons, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 336 pp. 488-500. Gary Stoller, USA Today, Dec 19, 2006. Concern Grows Over Pollution From Jets Gene Callahan, 2001. The Free Market – What is Externality? August 2001, Vol. 19, No. 8 Globe Net News, 2008. Reducing Airlines Emissions – Can It Be Done? http://www. globe-ne t. com/news/index. cfm? type=1newsID=3336 Greenpeace, Jan 23, 2008. EU Renewable Package A Faltering Step Forward Heath Gibson, 1996. Externalities : Implications for Allocative Efficiency And Suggested Solutions Hugo Kimber, 2007. Taking Responsibility For The Impact Of Aviation Emissions Hugo Kimber, 2007. Quick fixes could cut aviations impact on climate change. Ian Waitz, Jessica Townsend, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Edward Greitzer, and Jack Kerrebrock, 2004. Aviation And The Environment Ingrid Ulbrich (NESCAUM), Leah Weiss (NESCAUM), 2003. Controlling Airport Related Air Pollution International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Publication Economic Contribution of Civil Aviation International Energy Inc. Developing Technologies to Power the 21st Century. http://www. internationalenergyinc. om/about_us. php Investopedia : Economic Basic : Demand and Supply. http://www. investopedia. com/university/economics/economics3. asp Irani, 2007. Green Diary, Experts Plans ‘ Kangaroo-style Stomachs For Cattle To Fight Global Warming. Jeff Vail, 2007. Why The Free Market Fails Consumers In Sustainable Energy Innovation John Vidal, 2007. 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